Development of a novel modified EGSB reactor for municipal sewage treatment at ambient temperatures

A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.     

直接热化学液化法污泥制油技术研究进展

阐述了国内外利用直接热化学液化法处理污泥的研究进展和应用前景,并介绍了将其转化为油的典型液化工艺及其影响油产量的主要因素,阐明此种方法的发展趋势,并指出资源化利用和能源回收应该是今后污泥处置的方向．     

污泥吸附动力学与平衡模型的实验研究

采用好氧和厌氧污泥进行污泥的生物吸附实验,研究好氧与厌氧污泥吸附动力学和吸附平衡模型。研究表明:好氧和厌氧污泥的吸附过程中,颗粒内扩散是污泥吸附的主要限速阶段,但它不是唯一的限速因素。好氧和厌氧污泥的假二级反应模型比一级、二级反应模型更能描述污泥的吸附过程。Langmuir和Freundlich的吸附平衡方程都适合描述厌氧和好氧污泥的吸附平衡过程。     

生物造粒流化床中颗粒污泥的物理性质及破碎与恢复特性研究

通过两套生物造粒流化床试验装置的并联和串联运行,运用摄影与图像分析、颗粒静沉和密度分析等方法,研究了流化床中颗粒污泥的物理性质及破碎与恢复特性.在作为一级柱(接受人工配置污水)运行的过程中,流化床主要经历了颗粒成长;在作为二级柱(接受一级柱出水)运行的过程中,流化床主要经历了颗粒破碎.试验结果表明,在多次轮回切换工作的过程中,流化床中的颗粒污泥具有动态稳定性,破碎的颗粒很容易得到恢复.颗粒污泥的有效密度随粒径而变化的趋势不明显,粒径-密度关系在双对数坐标图上始终处于同一领域,且远高于常规絮凝体的密度,表明流化床中形成的颗粒污泥具有密实的构造.     

NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系浸析PCB污泥中铜的研究

利用NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系,对印刷电路板(printed circuit boards,PCB)生产过程中产生大量的含铜污泥中的铜进行浸析。对PCB污泥中重金属的质量分数进行了测定,其中铜在污泥中的质量分数为33.500%,其余金属质量分数较小。重点探讨了氨-硫酸铵浓度及pH、浸析时间、液固比、温度等条件对浸析率的影响。NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系对PCB污泥中铜浸析的最优条件为氨、硫酸铵浓度分别为3.0mol/L和1.5mol/L,液固比为20mL/g,浸析时间为180min,浸析温度为25℃。在最优条件下进行了浸析应用试验,结果表明铜的浸析率可达到97.5%,此方法的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.63%。     

抛石挤淤在吹填淤泥区地基处理中的应用

首先阐述了抛石挤淤的适用范围及其原理,然后结合工程实例,详细描述了其施工工艺及施工过程的质量控制标准,对该吹填淤泥区所布设的沉降监测点、周边隆起监测点、深层水平位移监测点、孔隙水压力监测点分别进行了监测,通过分析监测数据,得出相关结论,进而探讨抛石挤淤在本试验中的可行性及所存在的问题.     

原位剩余污泥减量技术的研究进展

日益突出的污泥问题,使实现污泥减量化变得更加迫切．总结了近年来国内外在剩余污泥减量化方面的研究进展,介绍了溶胞-隐性生长、解偶联代谢、维持代谢和生物捕食等原位剩余污泥减量的理论与技术,分析了各种污泥减量技术的特点及其应用情况,并指出了目前剩余污泥减量技术存在的问题和需要进一步研究的工作．     

不同污泥中5种重金属总量与形态分析

研究了吉化污水处理厂两个车间排放的污泥中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd的含量及形态分布.研究结果表明:采自中和处理车间污泥样品中重金属含量由高到低的顺序是Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd;采自污泥处理车间污泥样品中重金属含量由高到低的顺序是Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd.污泥样品中Cu的含量最高,为8487.58 mg/kg;Cd的含量最低,为2.72 mg/kg.BCR形态分析结果表明,2种污泥中Cu主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在;Zn主要以可氧化态和可还原态存在;Cr主要以残渣态存在;Pb的形态分布较为均匀;Cd主要以可还原态存在.     

离心三相分离过程数值模拟研究

悬浮液的沉降过程主要由固相颗粒浓度和凝聚状态等决定,为了定量描述油渣水在离心力场中的分离过程,以含油渣水三相的罐底油为研究对象,提出固-液-液三相离心分离的概念,进行模型分析,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对其分离过程进行数值模拟研究,分析了其影响因素。研究表明:数值模拟与实验结果基本一致,利用FLUENT软件模拟三相离心分离过程符合实际状况,能够很好的指导实践。     

Soil effects due to sewage sludge application in agriculture

Field trials show that increased nutrients (mainly P) and heavy metals in soil due to agricultural use of sewage sludge have mainly to be expected when sludge is applied in too high amounts. The biological effects of heavy metals on plants are determined by their solubility which is increased by pH decrease and degradation of organic matter. Normally, it should be expected that the microbial activity in soil would increase with the application of organic matter in sewage sludge. But, also negative effects on the microflora by simultaneous enrichment of organic matter or inorganic and organic pollutants were found. The most important deleterious effects on soil microorganisms are the reduction in size of the total biomass, a reduced nitrogen fixing activity and changes in the composition of microbial populations of the soil. At what stage heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganisms or to microbial processes in soil is likely to become evident is unfortunately still uncertain. Again, the soluble fraction of heavy metals (also of organic pollutants) is a determing factor. To minimize the shown environmental risks an adequate sludge management is proposed.